Benjamin R. Ewing¹, Benjamin H. Davis¹, Lane T. Bailey¹, Jeffrey S. Slater¹, Mathew L. Hayne², Skyler L. Davis², Melina L. Endsley², Terry C. Lowe², Tamás Ungár³; ¹Fort Wayne Metals, ²Colorado School of Mines, ³Eötvös University

Ultrafine grain titanium can provide exceptional strength for industrial applications, plus added biocompatibility for medical applications. The tensile and fatigue properties of conventional Grade 4 are compared with ultrafine grain Grade 4 Ti produced by multimode deformation, including Equal Channel Angular Pressing-Conform. Critical microstructural features, including activated slip systems, dislocation densities, dislocation configurations, grain size distributions, grain shape anisotropy, and crystallographic textures are shown that explain the origins of mechanical behavior. The attributes of ultrafine Grade 4 titanium are compared with other medical alloys. The exceptional performance and metallurgical simplicity of ultrafine grain titanium make it attractive as a substitute for conventional alpha-beta titanium alloys.